Is the rise of ADHD diagnoses a genuine increase in cases, or a product of improved detection and awareness? This is the question that has sparked heated debate among experts, with a leading paediatric neurologist offering her insights. Dr. Cristina Cordero, a neuro-paediatrician and co-coordinator of the Neurodevelopmental Disorders Working Group of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Neurology (SENEP), argues that while the public perception of a surge in ADHD cases is understandable, the reality is more nuanced. She emphasizes that the actual prevalence of ADHD has remained stable over time, despite a growing public awareness of the condition. The expert stresses that the current consensus is clear: "There are not necessarily more cases of ADHD, but we are getting much better at detecting them."
Dr. Cordero highlights that the increase in diagnosed cases is primarily due to a significant rise in social and professional awareness. This heightened awareness allows families, teachers, and healthcare professionals to recognize symptoms early and refer children for assessment. She explains, "Improved diagnostic criteria allow us to identify ADHD profiles that previously went unnoticed, especially in girls or boys with less disruptive symptoms."
However, the expert also acknowledges the concern that some behavioral or concentration issues may be labeled as ADHD when they stem from other factors, such as emotional distress or learning difficulties. She argues that global data suggests the prevailing issue remains under-diagnosis, particularly for certain groups, including boys and girls with less disruptive symptoms. Dr. Cordero emphasizes, "When we analyze population data, we see that the number of people diagnosed, and especially those receiving treatment, is still below the estimated prevalence of the disorder."
The article delves into the classroom reality, where teachers like Elena Coelho, with 28 years of experience, observe a marked shift in pupils' behavior. Ms. Coelho notes a significant increase in students with ADHD, attributing it to a combination of factors, including a fast-paced lifestyle, increased screen time, and a rise in family instability. She reflects, "The atmosphere in the classroom is unrecognizable compared to decades ago, and anecdotally, grandparents remark that their grandchildren are far more restless or poorly behaved than their own children were."
The piece also explores the role of digital content in the attention span crisis. Experts argue that the rapid-fire scene changes and sensory-overload effects in media directly result in children struggling to focus in real-world environments. The Spanish Association of Paediatrics (AEP) updated its recommendations on screen time, emphasizing the negative impact of excessive screen exposure on children's development. The article concludes by highlighting the need for a compassionate and supportive approach to education, where schools maintain high expectations for every pupil, and families seek genuine interest in learning.
